While there's plenty of examples of CMF accessories and other unique parts ending up repurposed for regular sets, I'm thinking TLM Panda Guy panda head in 80026 Pigsy's Noodle Tank or Series 12 Piggy Guy pig head and legs in 80102 Dragon Dance, and even reissues of whole minifigs (S6 Lady Liberty in 40519 New York Postcard) but for the purpose of your question and how it relates to the S22 Troubadour parts being reused in 10305, the only example I can think of is the TLM2 Giraffe Guy's minifig head was reused in 60234 Fun Fair People Pack and several other sets since then.
edit: S8 Santa parts (torso and head) have been repurposed in other Christmas themed sets, but those parts only make up other Santa minifigs, not new characters.