Well this is my first post here ever..... but LEGO colors is one of my specialties, especially for the years 1949-1980, since I wrote a book (Unofficial LEGO Sets/Parts Collectors Guide) on CD on the history of LEGO...
The first LEGO colors of 1949 were red, white, orange-yellow, and light green.
These were followed in the early 1950's by several other colors.... peacock blue, yellow, green, dark green, dark blue, light blue, blue, gray and clear. From 1949-53 these parts were available in Automatic Binding Brick (LEGO) sets. From 1953-56 they were available in LEGO Mursten sets.
Then in 1956 TLG decided to put a brake on LEGO colors. Most of these colors were discontinued, and the only colors remaining from 1956-62 were red, white, blue, yellow and clear.... with baseplates also available in gray and green (as well as red, white, blue and yellow).
Then in 1962 black was introduced as a LEGO color. In 1963, with the introduction of small LEGO plates, gray and green were once again introduced, although as regular bricks, they had to wait until nearly 1980 for them to be produced (later for green).
Brown and Maersk blue were introduced in a few select specialty LEGO parts in the 1970's, with dark gray coming into production in the 1980's. But it took until the 1990's that a true explosion of many different LEGO colors really started to happen.
And now today we are inundated with colors of so many shades, that folks on Bricklink and elsewhere are complaining about ordering what they think is one color, only to get another color in the mail.
Besides all of these colors, there are a few other colors that are material related... namely to the Cellulose Acetate material which LEGO elements were made from from 1949 until the mid 1960's. There is CA red (a red-orange shade), CA blue (a brighter shade of blue than ABS blue), and CA yellow (a lighter "lemon chiffon" shade of yellow).
So besides the naming system variations of LEGO parts, there are also this historic assortment of LEGO colors that aren't even addressed today!!
It gets downright mindboggling! *wacko*
Cheers,
Gary Istok
P.S. My UNOFFICIAL LEGO SETS/PARTS COLLECTORS GUIDE is still available on CD (1,265 pages, with over 1,700 picutres) on my website:
http://www.geminisystems.net/lego/
Be sure to visit it to get some free downloadable chapters, as well as a LEGO Timeline, and a photo gallery of rare sets and parts!