Lego Guy Bri, on 30 April 2012 - 04:54 AM, said:
I was reading above and am looking into the Digitrax DB 150. I am curious as to how these work. I am primarily 9V with around 500 pieces of track. Currently I have no working layout, but hope to create a large scale layout with long, multi-motor trains and gradual, low grades. I am very unfamiliar with powering large layouts and these other non-Lego supply units. Could you provide a little back ground on proper application and use for this? Like are they compatible with the Lego regulator or completely replace it? I read about the minimum of 12V AC/DC. How safe is that to use with the 9V motors? Most of mine are gently used, but I have many that are second hands from sets bought on eBay. So, I can only go by what they're previous owners said on condition. I am a little worried about the extra power burning up their internal brushes

OK- Lego and DCC. There a a couple of people out and about with large amounts of experience with Lego and DCC. I'm one of them. I've had DCC converted lego trains since 2001, when I started converting using Digitrax equipment (DN 121 decoders, and the DB 150 power supply).
Maximum voltage: Max voltage on the track is set-able. I run at about 12V on the track, which allows for about 10V on the motor, if you so desire. (trust me, you don't...one of two things happens at 10V, the motor flys off the track, or it burns out...usually, it flys off the corner, into the place you conveniently forgot you cannot reach without doing your best yoga manover). Since the big thing here is heat, the motor is designed to run (turn) at a certain speed with 9V applied to it. Don't hold the motor stopped (it will slip something, anyway...wheels on rails, or gears in motor). With 9V at the motor, most lego train designs will not make it around lego curves. Hence=auto safe.
The DCC uses Pulse Width Modulation to control the speed of the motor. So, the motor sees the 10V, for 0-100% of the time, depending on how fast you want it to go. The motors have no issue with PWM being used to control speed, because the amount of heat generated in the motor is dependant on the average voltage, not the peak voltage. (since peak voltage of 10V all the time sends the motor off the track, the motor is safe from destruction).
Now, how does this work? The DB 150 takes the signal from a Throttle, and converts it to a data signal, which is fed as a square wave AC onto the rails. The square wave AC conveys the speed and direction to Decoders fitted into each loco (or each motor, depending on my state of mind when I wired them...I've been back and forth a couple of times). The decoder then takes the sqare wave AC and extracts the control signal from it, and allows the amount of the AC power to go through (converted to DC, and PWM'd) to the motor, powering the motor. The motor then, crashes into the train coming the other way on the same track, because you forgot about that one...and a good time was had by all except Timmy, who you had planted on the cowcatcher and is now discomboulated all over the place. (no problem, there are lots of timmy's)
Issues:
1. The booster I am using is a 5 AMP booster. 5x12=54 watts. Think 60 w lightbulb, and how hot it can get. It's important to understand that. Don't leave the room with the track power on...
2. Wiring: About every 25 sections of track require a feeder. I use modified track for most of my feeders at home. I use the offical 9V connectors on portable layouts. (because the lego wiring system is incredibly easy to connect...). The reason why you need lots of connections is tied to #1. The booster has short circuit protection, but it needs a very low resistance to trip. (remember, 54 watts output...) Like, it needs to see less than 5/12=.41 ohm resistance. Lego track offers about .02 ohm/section. (turnouts are much higher). So, after 50 sections, the booster will NOT trip. Meaning, along the way, the track has to disperse 54 watts of heat...along with all your wiring, and whatever is short circuiting the track...think 60w lightbulb again...and what that would do to ABS...
3. Complex operating of throttles: the more fuctions on the throttle, the harder it looks to operate it. Easy ones (UT2's) have the ability to select the loco, and run it back & forth, and are fine for fairly well anyone. More complex throttles (DT-400) have a miriad of buttons on them, and button phobic people go into a state of total confusion on how to operate a train. (no, I don't have any switches on the lego that are motorized, yes, I do use up to the 12 functions on some locos, light, sound & features take lots of controlling)
Now that I've given you a mouthful, think about what you want to do. If it is your intent to run a single lego loco on a loop, DCC is NOT the tool to use. If you want to be able to crash lego trains together on a loop, DCC is probably the simplest way to manage it !
(feel free to ask for assistance with DC track wiring too...but there, it's much simpler with 1 controller/loop & lego only bits...)
James